In A Nutmeg

Deconstructed Nutmeg

You may be familiar with those nutmegs shaking loosely in their tough outer casing. Or maybe you are further convenienced in having packaged powdered nutmeg. Nutmeg has both culinary and medicinal purposes. However there is more over the surface of the nutmeg story.

I encountered a colleague at an agricultural conference and one of his first comments was that he had assumed that I was a national of Grenada from my then Twitter cover photo of nutmeg. Contrary to those who would be so inclined, nutmeg is also grown in Saint Lucia and other Caribbean islands. Interestingly, according to this FAO source, nutmeg was first planted in the West Indies in Saint Vincent in 1802.

Most intriguing to me, is that there are female and male nutmeg trees. Further, it is only the female plant that is capable of producing fruit. This blog effectively captures my sentiments on this subject:

"Just imagine the shock of a nutmeg farmer when he realises that the plant that he has been watering, pampering is a useless male plant!"

This begs the question: How does one identify a female plant before it gets to the flowering stage??? Complicated and costly DNA analysis is out of reach to the small-scale farmer and definitely out of my reach too! 

I recently purchased a propagated plant which I was promised has a 75% chance of flowering. It has planted it out and I patiently await the approximated 5 years to maturity. However to increase these odds, I will plant a few more to add keep my lone plant company. This source suggests that for the home garden the plants be spaced 10m apart. Wish me luck!

Nutmeg tree photo being photobombed by coconut palms

Nutmeg fruits on tree branches

Did you know that the nutmeg on the tree is encased in fleshy rounded fruit? When ripe, this bursts into halves to reveal the oval shaped nutmeg outer casing. On this casing is a red,lace-like membrane called mace or aril. Mace also has spice properties. They can be used in the same recipes that you would the nutmeg itself to add another dimension of flavour. The shell is then cracked to obtain the nutmeg seed.

Close up of nutmeg fruit

Nutmeg aflame-I am hot about nutmeg and it is hot about me too

While the nutmeg seed is a commercial product, I have yet to see mace on local supermarket shelves. An older generation birdie told me that the best fruit jams are made with mace for spice and I make it my duty to source them directly from the farmer. As with all things, there can be no substitute for freshness!

A Lesson in Grafting

Generally, flowering trees reproduce by seed. However, when flowers are cross-pollinated, the seed that develops in the fruit after fertilization contains genetic properties from two different plants. Therefore, the tree that develops when the new tree develops will not exhibit the same traits as the parent plant. Grafting provides a solution to the dilemma of how to get the exact tastiness, texture, firmness and other preferred traits replicated for future enjoyment. As you can imagine, grafted plants are the choice of the farmers.

Today I am fortunate to witness, refresh and broaden my knowledge on the process of grafting fruit trees. The subjects today are cocoa trees. 

1. The scion selections are prepared: The top is wrapped with a strip of plastic; The end to be fitted into the stock is trimmed into a wedge shape. It is important that the scion must be about the same size of the stock: not too big and not smaller.

Skilled hands

 2. Stocks are neatly cut off.

 3. A cleft is made down the middle of the stock.

4. The scions are inserted into the stock

5. The graft union is securely wrapped with another strip of plastic. This is meant to prevent water entry and prevent the growth of fungus. The new growth of the graft will gradually stretch and break through the plastic strips.

The finished product!

It is an optional step to spray around the completed graft union with the fungicide, Kocide for added measure. Growth progress is checked in fifteen (15) days.

Other tree crops which are propagated by the grafting method are mangoes and citrus.

Additional Source: 

http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/fruit/grafting-and-budding-fruit-trees/

A Berry Good Time

Once upon a time...

Those classical words draw us into storybook adventures of characters in a time long, long ago in settings that are out of this world. The adventure that is my life began in a rural community. In younger days my cousin, sister and I would accompany our grandfather to the "Countyside"-a place more agriculturally prime than the rural community where we resided, a place of rocky uphill footpaths which were inaccessible by motor vehicles. Thus, the trip there was by foot. The hour-long walk required starting before dawn. The early morning coolness made the distance more tolerable. All good tales are marked by journeys; even more so the ones that take place in the half light.

One of the unique features of this trip was the berries that grew in the "Countryside". They flourish in the lower temperatures at this high altitude. "Brambles" is a very English word that I first encountered in childhood books by Enid Blyton. These berries grew on prickly, wildly growing bushes. 

Saint Lucia's Wild Raspberry

These berries are called Wild Raspberries (Scientific Name: Rubus idaeus). Today the berries have a place on the "Fruits of Saint Lucia Chart" sponsored by First Citizens Investment Services. The initiative is a production of Nasser Khan for Trinidad and Tobago, but has been adapted for Saint Lucia. The chart was launched last year on January 29. According to the article:

"The initiative [...] aims to familiarise students and residents alike with the variety of local fruits, vegetables and herbs which are available on the island. This is in an effort to help foster consumption of locally grown foods and help reduce the country's food bill"

 As these berries are so tiny and so sensitive to the environment, I do not believe that they strong candidates for food security. But they are excellent for biodiversity and should be conserved as an indigenous Saint Lucian plant.

The berries were photographed at Deraches, Fond St. Jacques, Soufriere.

Your Cup of Tea- Panadol

"Weeds are flowers, too, once you get to know them" quotes A.A. Milne, author of childhood literature Winnie the Pooh. It is easy to pass this wildly growing bush as a weed. However, this apparent weed is the useful Panadol Plant.

Panadol-Spreading Succulent Herb

"Panadol" with active ingredient paracetamol, has become a household name as a brand of pharmaceutic pain relievers. The active ingredients of pharmaceuticals are plant derived. However, I have found not yet found any information that the "Panadol" brand is derived from the panadol plant. But what a fortunate coincidence if it were!

Pain relief purposes are the same for both plant and drug. According to this source it is also used to treat tooth and gum disease.

Panadol upclose

A low spreading herb in the mint family, the scent is nothing light and refreshing like peppermint or basil. This smells like medicine. Older folk say that the more odious the scent, the better for the body. One whiff of this herb is sufficient to heal. At the imagined taste of the actual brewed leaves, you will instantly begin to imagine yourself well. Suddenly, you are not sick enough for medicine. Alas, that excuse does not work well when you are in the care of parents.

Panadol grows well in full sunlight

As if it was not enough to learn that Panadol is a plant, it was awesome to observe the beautiful flowers that the plant produces.

Panadol Plant Flowers

The photos in this post were shot at Soufriere, Saint Lucia.

Additional sources:

Panadol Plant

THE FAMILIAR AND UNFAMILIAR (3)

"Food is our common ground,

a universal experience."

~James Beard

Did you ever wonder at the identity of the bright orange fruit featured on all Fruit Logistica promotional material? Before the event, I had not been exposed to even a photograph of it. On this basis, it classifies as an exotic fruit.

Standing poster/board

While being pervasive on event material, it proved more difficult to locate the actual fruit on the stands. After walking miles of hallway, I finally located them on the second day of the Fruit Logistica. They were laid out at the Santa Margarita stand. In good exhibition fashion they are displayed both whole and cut open. As attractively orange as the outside is, the inside is garishly green. I am not eager to taste this fruit. Maybe I might be so inclined if there was a stand which served recipes of the kiwano.

The Star of the Show

So what is this famous mystery? The name of this fruit is Kiwano. A google search produces other names by which this fruit is known: horned melon, jelly melon, hedged gourd and melano. The alias African horned cucumber attests to its origins and explains why the seeds seem familiar to those of cucumber (Cucumis sativus).

Another exotic fruit (in my books) presents itself. This discovery looks less intimidating and I am willing to taste test. What a coincidence that it too is orange and the name begins with the letter "K"- Kaki. I have found it in the Spain section where samples are being distributed. It is delicious! It also helps to know that this fruit is a powerhouse of nutritional benefits which includes Vitamin C-just like the kiwano.

Right side up-Samples of kaki

 On the promotional material given, it states that : "Due to its sweet flavour a lot of people think that kaki fruit is fattening , but the caloric value is not exceedingly high." No doubt this makes a great option for healthy food dieters- if you can get your hands on it.

Bottoms up-Kaki in display case

In general, the Fruit Logistica was an wholesome opportunity to broaden my fruit experiences with new perspectives gained on familiar fruit and discovering the unfamiliar.

Please note that for additional photo moments of the Fruit Logistica, you can visit the D.I.G Facebook Page album

Additional resources: 

Kiwano Fact Sheet-Purdue
Kaki Fruit Information

THE FAMILIAR AND UNFAMILIAR (2)

Within the category of familiar fruits seen at the Fruit Logistica, it was interesting to encounter new varieties and value added products. One such example was mangoes. A wide range of African mangoes were exhibited namely: Palmer, Amelie, Smith, Keitt and Kent.

Mango Palmer at the Fruit Logistica

It has been lamented for years that during the mango season in Saint Lucia, much of the produce is wasted due to a lack in processing options. Dried mango snacks is one such option featured at the event. I had the opportunity to taste two brands:  7 Days Dried Mango from Pakistan made with Chaunsa mangoes; and Mama's Flavour from Tanzania. 

Mama's Flavour wins the taste test. My opinion was supported by my colleagues Additionally, they are solar dried and contain no additional ingredients. Other dried products include bananas, paw paw and pineapple.

Product of Pakistan

Product of Tanzania

Other dried mango snacks available were Bomarts Dried Mango from Ghana and SFA Premium Dried Mangoes from Pakistan.

Product of Ghana

Product of Pakistan

Before venturing into the production in dried fruit snacks due research must inform the best variety for processing and consumer taste preference. It would also be advantageous to follow the example of Tanzania with solar dried fruit for cost effectiveness, sustainability and tastiness.

Please  note: Additional photo highlights of the Fruit Logistica can be found on the D.I.G Facebook page

THE FAMILIAR and UNFAMILIAR (1)

"A fruit is not afraid of its own weight.

It grows into its skin fully. It is whole,

each part of its body equally alive"

~Gayle Brandeis 

Can you relate to the experience of being lost? Imagine that this is your first time in Berlin and you become separated from your group of friends and/or family in the vast crowd. Imagine the sense of panic And then on rejoining the group, the immense of relief! While most of the fruits featured at the Fruit Logistica were not completely foreign to me, some were unfamiliar. Examples such as imported apples, strawberries, pears and plums can be found on supermarket shelves in Saint Lucia. Like unexpectedly meeting old friends in new places, it was even more amazing to encounter fruits that are grown in Saint Lucia. 

1. Sugar Apples

Imagine my pleasant surprise to come across sugar apples at the Pakistan stand! They were displayed on the counter among other fruits. Their whites smiled up at me and I smiled down at them as we have known each other from my childhood. Our love relationship started ever since I was old enough to eat foods with seeds. The Pakistanis call them custard apples, but sugar apple is more fitting. 

Sugar apple opened for display

2. Sapodillas

Another joy to behold was the sapodilla. "Sapotee", as it is called locally is another long time love. The insides are not as dark as those I have enjoyed, but I imagine that they taste just as sweet when they ripen.

Sapotee cut open for display

3. Bananas

I imagine that a ripe banana is a ray of sunshine in the breakfast menu of anyone who resides in Europe. Especially during autumn and winter with the bleak, cold weather. Bananas, both ripe and green, were displayed by several territories throughout the event.

Green bananas in packaging at the Ghana stand

4. Pomegranate

A recent trend in the food business is the promotion of nutritional foods. More specifically, a niche market has been created for products with antioxidant properties which are available at premium price. Pomegranate is one such example; it can be found in many products from food to cosmetics. Where was this wonder fruit before all the market visibility? "Ponm gwennad" as it is called locally, was available in our backyards for free. 

Ponm gwennad on display

Packaging of the pomn gwennad

5. Passion Fruit

Purple passion fruit is a major African export. They were prominently displayed on lighted signs and in the arrangements which graced the stands. The illuminated images effectively transported me to tropical conditions while onsite in cold Berlin. A cold glass of passion fruit juice can however be refreshing in any climate.

Sign at the Kenya stand

The magnitude of the Fruit Logistica event is unimaginable amazing! You need to experience it to believe it. As an advertisement  seen at one of the stands depicts, the experience can be described as being bathed in fruit. However, there is still capacity for new participants. Can you imagine that at Fruit Logistica 2015, Saint Lucia reserves a stand? Or even better, for the Caribbean to be represented in an entire section? We should definitely showcase our primary and value added agricultural products.

Fruit Logistica is like being bathed in food

Please  note: Additional photo highlights of the Fruit Logistica can be found on the D.I.G Facebook

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